When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened before that time.
The past perfect tense is also used to emphasize that an action was completed before another took place.
Example:
1. When Mrs Brown opened the washing machine she realised she had washed the cat.
2. I had called police before I investigated the noise in the garden.
(First: I called the police. Next: I investigated the noise.)
[Ref 1][Ref 2]
Past Perfect Progressive:
The past perfect progressive tense is used to show that an on-going action in the past has ended.
Example:
He just couldn't summon the energy. He had been working at the dock all afternoon.
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